Kyphosis is the medical term used when there is an abnormal outward curvature of the spine. This is common in the upper back area; however, it can also affect the neck or cervical area. This abnormal curvature can affect posture, cause chronic pain and lead to trouble eating and breathing. Understanding the common causes of cervical kyphosis may help to catch this condition in its early stages so that steps can be taken to prevent disability when possible.
Degenerative Disc Disease
One of the most common causes of cervical kyphosis is degenerative disk disease, states the University of Maryland Medical Center. With age and normal wear-and-tear, the disks between the vertebra or bones of the spine begin to dry out. This causes the vertebra to break down or collapse, which over time may cause a change in the physical shape of the neck area. The neck can begin to curve outwards, making the head bend forward.
Surgery
Diseases of the spine such as arthritis, disc problems and injuries can sometimes be severe enough to require surgery. This may involve removing the damaged disk or bone and in some cases, fusing the affected vertebra together. If this type of surgery is performed on the neck then cervical kyphosis can occur, claims the Texas Spine and Joint Hospital. Surgery that does not heal properly can also lead to this complication.
Genetics and Birth Defects
Cervical kyphosis can be genetic and present at birth. During fetal development the spine may form abnormally or incompletely causing this condition. Congenital cervical kyphosis often requires surgery and may cause additional complications if nerves are compressed.
Trauma and Fractures
Any type of direct blow to the neck can contribute to cervical kyphosis. If the bones, tendons or ligaments in the neck are injured, the neck may get pulled into a forward position. Diseases such as osteoporosis, which is a weakening of the bones, can lead to compression fractures, which may eventually cause an abnormal rounding of the neck. While rare, tumors, infections and side effects from radiation can all contribute to this condition.
