Age spots, wrinkles, thin skin, dry skin, rough skin and the appearance of red, vein-like discolorations are all symptoms of sun damage, according to the Mayo Clinic. Age spots, or liver spots, appear in areas where sun exposure is the greatest, such as the face, hands, arms and shoulders. Wrinkles occur naturally, with or without the sun, due to the natural aging process. However, sun is a major contributor to premature aging, along with smoking.
Symptoms
Age spots usually appear after the age of 40, but they can appear much earlier. Even children can get them. The amount, size and occurrence increase with increased sun exposure. Ranging in size from a small freckle to more than a centimeter wide, age spots are oval, darkened spots on the skin. They can be brown, black or gray in color.
Wrinkles appear as fine lines and, with time, progress into creases and deep wrinkles. The eyes, mouth and neck are the areas most affected by wrinkles.
Causes
Wrinkles and age spots are made worse by sun damage. Prolonged, unprotected exposure to the sun causes the skin's connective tissues to break down, resulting in loss of tone and strength. Loss of tone and strength causes premature aging and wrinkles. The UV light associated with sun exposure also stimulates melanin production in the skin. Most people enjoy the experience and even pay for it, as the proliferation of tanning salons can attest. However, melanin sometimes condenses in one area. The effects are permanent but are not usually evident until years later, when age spots appear.
Treatment
Treatments for both conditions include dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, laser resurfacing, chemical peels and skin-care creams. Medications for age spots include hydroquinone and tretinoin. These medications, when used together, bleach skin and gradually fade age spots. Botox, soft tissue fillers and face-lifts treat wrinkles instantly.
Prevention
The Mayo Clinic recommends avoiding the sun from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., when the sun's rays cause the most damage. Protect your skin from the sun with sunscreen, and reapply as necessary. You should also pay attention to your wardrobe. The Mayo Clinic recommends wearing long-sleeved shirts, slacks and a wide-brimmed hat for protection.
Considerations
Age spots are normally harmless, but they can also be a sign of skin cancer. You should see a doctor if you notice any changes, such as dark pigmentation, increase in size, irregular border or an unusual color combination.
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