The pleasurable effects of alcohol produce a relaxed mood when consumed in moderation. Excessive alcohol drinking, however, can intensify depression. Alcohol dependence and depression often occur together, according to NetDoctor. Although the two disorders may happen separately, sometimes alcoholism results in depression and other times depression causes people to drink to excess.
Potential
People with depression may turn to alcohol as self-medication. It lifts their moods briefly and may help improve sleeping difficulties. But tolerance to the effects of alcohol can build, leading to alcohol dependence. As a result, depressed people may find themselves suffering from depression and alcoholism.
Expert Insight
Although people with depression may drink alcohol for self-medication, alcohol abuse more often leads to depression than the other way around, according to ScienceDaily. Further, New Zealand researchers reported in the March 2009 issue of "Archives of General Psychiatry" that they had studied 1,055 subjects from ages 17 to 25. Some were found to have alcoholic or depression problems. The people who suffered from alcohol abuse or dependence were nearly twice as likely to have major depression. The researchers added that social, financial and legal issues associated with alcohol problems might have played a part in their depression.
Similarities
Many alcoholics and patients with depression report poor parenting or neglect in their childhood, according to NetDoctor. Genetic links exist among people with alcohol problems or depression. They are more likely to develop the disorders if they have parents or relatives with the same conditions. Stress plays a role in both depression and alcohol dependency.
Effects
Alcoholics have an increased risk of relapse when they also suffer from depression, according to Psych Central. Symptoms of depression are usually at their worst when an alcoholic first quits drinking. Recovering alcoholics who have a history of depression need to be monitored carefully during the rehab process. Along with medical care during the withdrawal process, recovering alcoholics need counseling and help through support groups to stay sober and continue treating their depression. Symptoms of depression are reduced significantly after drinking has been discontinued for three to four weeks, Psych Central points out.
Warning
The combination of alcohol dependence and depression can have dangerous consequences. Some depressed people experience thoughts of death or suicide. Alcohol alone can have a depressant effect on people's moods. It impairs judgment and may bring on impulsive behavior, causing people to take risks. The effects of alcohol exaggerate depression, Psych Central explains. A depressed person who already has suicidal tendencies may increase the risk of suicide from the destructive actions that occur with excessive drinking.
