Hip replacement surgery can relieve the pain of severe arthritis and improve mobility, but the long-term success of the operation depends in large part on the patient's commitment to following the surgeon's activity guidelines. Especially during the first few months after surgery, the artificial joint may become dislocated if subjected to certain movements and positions. Over time, patients can return to an active lifestyle but must avoid activities that place excessive strain on the joint.
Avoiding Falls
Walking is encouraged, but patients must take precautions to avoid injury. For the first few weeks after surgery, they should use a cane, crutches, walker or other supports to assist with balance, as falling could cause the joint to become dislocated or otherwise damaged. Wearing shoes with nonskid soles, taking small steps and walking slowly can help prevent accidents. On the stairs, they should step up with the unaffected leg and down with the affected leg.
Preventing Dislocation
Especially during the recovery period, the hip can dislocate from the socket if the affected hip is moved in ways that stress the joint, according to the National Institutes of Health. Patients should avoid movements and positions that cause the hip to bend more than 90 degrees; crossing the legs or ankles while sitting, standing or lying down; stooping or squatting; and turning the feet excessively outward or inward. Patients are instructed to use a reacher to avoid bending too much and to use a long-handled shoehorn, slip-on shoes or elastic shoe laces to assist with putting their shoes on. When sitting, they must keep their feet about 6 inches apart, with feet and knees pointed straight ahead. They should avoid chairs that are too soft or too low. Helpful devices in the bathroom include an elevated toilet seat to keep the knees lower than the hips and a shower seat.
Positioning
It is important for patients to avoid positions or movements in bed that are likely to damage the joint. They should not sleep on the stomach or on the affected side. They may sleep on the unaffected side if they place a pillow between the thighs to prevent the hip from moving out of alignment during the night. A splint or special wedge pillow may also be used to maintain proper alignment in bed.
Minimizing Excess Wear
Artificial joints may last as long as 20 years, according to the National Institutes of Health, but eventually the joint will wear out and loosen, requiring a second operation. Avoiding activities that place repeated stress on the artificial joint, including running, contact sports and skiing, can extend the life of the parts. Low-impact activities such as hiking, gardening, swimming, golfing and playing tennis are acceptable activities.
