Herpes is a highly contagious disease characterized by outbreaks of sores in various parts of the body. Both men and women can be affected by herpes. Common symptoms include pain and itching. The herpes virus is passed through small cracks in skin or mucous membranes. Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus, specifically herpes simplex 2, and is primarily spread through sexual contact. Oral herpes, which typically appears as cold sores or conjunctivitis, is caused by herpes simplex 2. Since herpes is a virus, there is no cure. Treatment is focused on reducing discomfort and preventing the spread of herpes during an outbreak.
Episodic Therapy
Oral antiviral medications are typically prescribed to help prevent the onset of outbreaks. Acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir are three commonly prescribed antiviral medications. Brand names for these medications include Zovirax, Famvir and Valtrex, respectively. Some patients only take these medications during an outbreak, a form of treatment called episodic therapy. Other patients take these medications daily to minimize the occurrence of outbreaks, a method of treatment called suppressive therapy.
Suppressive Therapy
Suppressive therapy is recommended for patients who experience five or more outbreaks per year, states the Mayo Clinic. These medications are generally safe for long-term use, which is why some patients choose to take them on a daily basis. Patients should be aware that there have been periods of shortage for the antiviral medication, Acyclovir, warns the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physicians may advocate for other forms of treatment for this reason.
Lifestyle Modifications
Herpes sufferers should remember that herpes is an incurable disease and although they only experience outbreaks periodically, it is vital for them to take the necessary precautions to prevent infecting a loved one or sexual partner. Patients should refrain from sexual activity during an outbreak or opt to use condoms if they choose to engage in any sexual activity. Maintaining good hygiene is important to preventing the spread of the virus.
Counseling
Because herpes is a lifelong challenge, many herpes sufferers seek support for themselves and their partners by participating in a support group. Some herpes patients attempt to meet others that are sensitive to their condition through dating services, states the University of Maryland Medical Center.
