Colitis, also known as ulcerative colitis, is a chronic disease that causes inflammation and sores in the colon and small intestine. Though the specific cause of colitis remains unknown, genetics and immune system abnormalities seem to contribute, according to the Mayo Clinic. Colitis treatment aims to reduce inflammation that triggers symptoms, which vary in frequency and intensity. For best results, a doctor's guidance is recommended at the onset of colitis symptoms.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea, or loose, frequent stools, may affect people with colitis. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, diarrhea containing blood is one of the most common symptoms of colitis. Chronic diarrhea may also develop, which may cause physical weakness and increased risk of dehydration and nutrient deficiencies. During colitis "flare-ups," when symptoms are peaked, diarrhea may occur after each time a person eats.
Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain is also common among people with ulcerative colitis. It may stem from sores in the intestinal walls known as ulcers or from the body's harsh immune system reactions. According to the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation, abdominal cramping may also occur. Stomach cramps may proceed other symptoms, such as diarrhea. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse suggests that approximately 50 percent of people with colitis experience mild to moderate symptoms, such as abdominal pain. Severe stomach pain, particularly when left untreated, may detract from a person's ability to work, function or exercise normally.
Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss
Numerous aspects of colitis may adversely affect a person's appetite. Stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea and negative experiences regarding negative consequences of eating may reduce a person's desire or willingness to eat. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, weight loss that derives from reduced appetite and/or chronic diarrhea can cause significant complications of colitis, including malnutrition, delayed development in youths, and increased risk for illnesses, including osteoporosis and iron-deficient anemia. Unintentional weight loss may also damage a person's immune system and increase likelihood of infections and disease.
Joint Pain and Arthritis
Colitis may trigger joint pain. In severe cases, joint pain becomes chronic and leads to forms of arthritis, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Colitis sufferers may develop peripheral arthritis, which causes swelling, pain and stiffness in the arms and legs. Arthritis may also affect the spine. Joint pain may derive from immune system problems and may ease once colitis symptoms are diagnosed and managed. Joint pain may occur episodically--lasting numerous days, then decreasing--and may increase risk for injuries and reduced ability to partake in physical activities. Untreated joint pain is likely to worsen and persist.
Eye Problems
Though less common than other symptoms, eye conditions may derive from colitis. People may develop sensitivity to light, blurry vision, reddened eyes and eye pain. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, eye problems occur when colitis causes inflammation in various parts of the eye. Eye problems may limit a person's ability to drive, read or spend time in brightly lit or sunny places.
