An epidural is a type of anesthesia. Epidurals block the nerve impulses from the lower spinal segments, resulting in decreased sensation in the lower half of the body, states the American Pregnancy Association. Epidurals provide pain relief but not a complete lack of feeling in the desired area of the body. They are frequently used for pain relief during childbirth and for minor surgical procedures. There are some side effects following an epidural that patients should be aware of.
Hypotension
Some patients may experience a drop in blood pressure, also known as hypotension, following placement of an epidural. An anesthesia specialist will closely monitor blood pressure and heart and respiratory rate once an epidural has been placed. If hypotension occurs it can be treated with intravenous fluids, changes in position, oxygen, and medication.
Headache
Headache is a possible side effect of an epidural. This is caused by a mild leakage of spinal fluid. According to the American Pregnancy Association, less than 1 percent of women experience this side effect from epidural use. If severe, headache may be treated with the application of a blood patch, a procedure in which a patient's own blood is placed in the epidural space to provide headache relief. A physician may also treat headache with intravenous fluids and analgesics.
Backache
Patients may experience backache or soreness where the epidural catheter is placed. This side effect is usually temporary and lasts for only a couple of days. The use of a cold compress or ice pack on the epidural site may help alleviate pain and soreness. A persistent backache following an epidural should be brought to the attention of a physician.
Difficulty During Labor
Women who receive an epidural during childbirth may experience difficulty during delivery. The diminished sensation in the lower body may make it more difficult to effectively push during delivery. In some cases, the epidural may need to be removed prior to pushing if the mother has limited sensation. Additional interventions such as Pitocin, forceps, vacuum extraction or cesarean may become necessary, according to the American Pregnancy Association.
