A bunionectomy is a surgery that removes painful bunions. This surgery is typically done only after more conservative treatments have not worked, such as wearing shoes that provide more toe space, wearing orthotics, or taking pain medication. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons estimates that 85 to 90 percent of people who undergo bunionectomy are satisfied with the results. While it is not a "quick fix" surgery, it can relieve pain and correct deformity.
Identification
The Mayo Clinic describes a bunion as a bony, abnormal bump on the joint of the big toe. The joint becomes enlarged and pushes the big toe toward the other toes; this puts too much pressure on the joint and causes pain. Consistently wearing shoes that are too tight, structural deformities or conditions like arthritis can all contribute to the formation of bunions, says the Mayo Clinic.
Types
There are several types of bunion surgery, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, or AAOS. An osteotomy involves surgically cutting the joint and bone of the big toe; this is typically combined with realigning and repairing the surrounding tendons and ligaments to help straighten the toe. Arthrodesis removes the damaged joint surfaces and uses screws or plates to hold the joint surfaces together until it heals. A resection arthroplasty removes the part of the joint that is damaged; this is usually done in older patients or people who have had previous bunion surgery because it creates a flexible "scar" joint, says the AAOS.
Benefits
Benefits of bunion surgery, as listed by the AAOS, can include pain relief during everyday activities like walking, reduction of chronic inflammation of the big toe, correction of deformities caused by the bunion, and a decrease in stiffness of the big toe joint.
Complications
According to the AAOS, less than 10 percent of people getting a bunionectomy have any complications from the procedure, but possible complications can include infection, bunion recurrence, nerve damage and persistent pain. These complications are all treatable, but can affect recovery.
Recovery
After having a bunionectomy, taking care of the dressings and bandages is important in order to facilitate healing. Stitches will be taken out a few weeks post-surgery, but it is important to keep the area dry. Right after surgery, the use of a walker or crutches is recommended, although you will have a surgical boot or shoe for the foot. After a few days, gradual weight bearing may be possible. Elevating and icing the foot can help minimize swelling and pain.
Time Frame
Although some people might be able to bear weight on their affected foot shortly after surgery, the Mayo Clinic states that full recovery can take 8 weeks or even longer. Premierpodiatry.com says that although the foot starts to feel normal again around 3 months post-surgery, healing continue for up to a year.
