Male-pattern baldness, or androgenetic alopecia, occurs when shrinking hair follicles eventually become too small to support new hair growth. Currently, not a lot is known about why this happens, but genes, aging and the hormone dihydrotestosterone seem to be the main culprits. Although less common, some women also suffer from androgenetic alopecia. Fortunately, because the small follicles do not die, there are products available to help spur hair growth in both balding men and women.
Minoxidil
Minoxidil, more commonly known by its brand name Rogaine, is a topical solution that stimulates dormant hair follicles when you apply it directly to the scalp. By slowly enlarging and lengthening the shrinking hair follicles in some men, Minoxidil allows the hair to grow longer before it falls out. Because it doesn't work for every man, you must use it for three to four months to determine if it is working. Once you stop using it, however, your hair will return to its previous state in about three months.
Finasteride
Finasteride, marketed as either Propecia or Proscar, is a prescription pill that inhibits the production of dihydrotestosterone in men. Like minoxidil, finasteride slows hair loss and can even allow new hairs to grow. Although it is usually more expensive than minoxidil, it is typically more effective. You must use it for three to four months before results can be seen and, again, once you stop the treatment your hair will return to its original state within a few months. Finasteride should not be used by women or children.
Tretinoin
The vitamin A acid tretinoin, marketed under the brand name Retin-A, is commonly used in combination with minoxidil to regrow hair. Originally developed as an acne treatment, tretinoin has some side effects, including blistering, skin discoloration and light sensitivity.
Hair Loss Treatments for Women
Diane 35 is a hormonal contraceptive that is used to treat androgenetic alopecia in women. Like Retin-A, it was originally developed as an acne medication, but it has been found to be effective for hair loss as well. Side effects may include headaches, breast tenderness and a decreased libido, but it does help to prevent osteoporosis.
Cimetidine is a hair-loss treatment for women that is marketed under the brand name Tagamet. Developed to treat digestive disorders and ulcers, cimetidine is also an anti-androgenic that prevents dihydrotestosterone from binding to its receptor. According to Follicle.com, men shouldn't use cimetidine because of its "feminizing effects."
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