Child development between the years of 7 and 16 is a period of transformation. Children undergo many changes, including physical, intellectual and social developments. Each stage of growth is a continuing opportunity for parents to see how their child is evolving and to help him as he grows and matures.
Seven to Eight
The ages of 7 and 8 are known as the middle childhood years, a period when children are developing skills for use in school and in activities such as sports or hobbies. Physically, children are gaining more muscles and using both large and fine motor skills, although coordination may still be lacking. They may have friendships with those close to their age. Typically, 7- and 8-year-olds can show support for others and help when needed, but they still need plenty of guidance from parents. They talk and interact in conversation, but their general outlook is still one of self-centeredness.
Nine to Twelve
The ages between 9 and 12 are known as the preteen or tween years. Children make dramatic developmental changes, and by the end of this period, they are becoming teens. Activity levels increase, and children may spend less time with their parents and more time with friends and at school functions.
Both boys and girls develop physically, growing taller around the age of 10. Girls have body changes, such as the beginning of breast tissue, and by 12 years may have their menstrual period. Boys show voice changes and may have more facial hair by the end of this phase. Preteens begin to notice the opposite sex, but prefer friendships with their own gender. Intellectually, school work changes from basic skills to higher levels of math and science activities.
Thirteen to Fourteen
The ages of 13 and 14 can be a difficult time of development for many children. At 13, a child becomes a teen, and puberty may have already occurred. Girls frequently mature faster than boys, causing some embarrassment for both genders. Acne can be problematic as skin changes occur. Many 13- and 14-year-olds have close friendships and worry about their appearance and what others think. They are becoming more independent, but still need guidance from parents about decisions and problems. Schoolwork tends to focus on abstract thinking skills and social studies, requiring much more thought and opinion.
Fifteen to Sixteen
The period of time between 15 and 16 years is termed middle adolescence. It is during this time that teens continue to show independence in their intellectual and relational skills. Teens are aware of the opposite sex and may be dating. They have the capacity to develop close relationships with friends or dating partners. They can take on more responsibility at school and at home, begin driving or hold a job.
By this stage, most teens have undergone puberty, although boys may still be developing more muscle and increasing in height. Usually, 15- and 16-year-olds show increased emotional stability, with less frequent outbursts and arguments with parents. Their school subjects become more advanced, and they are making decisions that will affect their future education.
