Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease in which the immune system diminishes the protective layer of the body's nerves. As a result, communication between the brain and body weakens, usually leading to reduced abilities to walk, move properly or speak. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), positive nutritional health is vital for the wellness of people with MS. For best results, a doctor's guidance is suggested.
Function
A healthy diet for multiple sclerosis should provide ample nutrients, including vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which may help protect the body from disease. According to the NMSS, the same basic dietary guidelines recommended for the general population, such as consuming low amounts of fat and high amounts of fiber, are suggested by MS experts for people with the disease. An appropriate diet also enhances energy levels, blood sugar balance and cardiovascular health.
Basic Guidelines
Adhering to a low-fat, fiber-rich diet that supports wellness in people with MS involves several key guidelines. The "Dietary Guidelines for Americans," published in 2005, recommends two cups of fruits and 2.5 cups of fresh vegetables daily for most adults. Consuming various fruits and vegetables is suggested for the broadest nutritional benefits. Adults should also aim for three or more 1-ounce servings of whole grains, three servings of low-fat dairy products (or non-dairy equivalents) and modest amounts of healthy fats on a daily basis.
Helpful Nutrients/Foods
While a broad range of nutrients is important for people with MS, particular nutrients may provide heightened benefits. The Mayo Clinic suggests a well-balanced diet that supports immune system strength for MS sufferers. Antioxidants, which come in the form of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals (plant-based nutrients), provide ample disease-fighting benefits. Carotenoids, including beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein, help prevent free radicals, which increase the risk for various diseases. Foods rich in carotenoids include leafy greens, tomatoes, carrots, Brussels sprouts, sweet potatoes, broccoli and winter squash.
Vitamins E and C also provide disease-fighting benefits. Valuable sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils, wheat germ, whole grains, nuts, seeds and nut butters. Vitamin C helps prevent damage to cells, which is significant in the wellness of people with MS. Vitamin C-rich foods include red bell peppers, citrus fruits, citrus juices, strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes and broccoli. Omega-3 fats, though not an antioxidant, are associated with reduced inflammation and improved nerve and brain function. To reap omega-3 fat benefits, fatty fish, such as salmon, tuna and sardines, should be consumed regularly. Ground flaxseed and walnuts provide similar benefits.
Risks
A healthy MS diet should provide as few health risks as possible. According to the NMSS, many diets have been proposed for MS treatment; however, most lack scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness. In addition, numerous "special diets" for MS pose dangerous side effects. One significant risk posed by MS-geared diets involves excessive recommended amounts of vitamins, minerals or herbs. Nutrient-related toxicity, rapid heart beat, fatigue, organ damage and other side effects have been linked to routine and excessive consumption of dietary supplements.
Suggestions
Consuming a balanced diet that includes nutrient-dense foods from all food groups, including fruits, vegetables, complex carbohydrates, lean protein and healthy fats, can promote wellness in people with MS. The American Heart Association recommends that no more than 25 percent to 35 percent of a person's daily calories come from fat. Saturated fats--found in red meat, whole milk, butter and deep-fried foods--should make up no more than 7 percent of a person's daily calories. Trans fats, present in hydrogenated vegetable oil, shortening and numerous processed foods, should account for 1 percent or less of a person's daily calories. People who struggle to maintain appropriate dietary wellness are advised to seek prompt guidance from a qualified professional.
