Alpha hydroxy acids and beta hydroxy acids are two common ingredients you may see on the labels of your skincare products. Although both have similar exfoliating properties, beta hydroxy acids have other unique properties that make them more beneficial for oily skin and are typically recommended if you have acne.
Labeling
Beta hydroxy acids encompass a group of ingredients that share the same properties. The Food and Drug Administration states that these may be listed as salicylic acid, beta hydroxybutanoic acid, tropic acid or trethocanic acid. Derivatives of salicylic acid may be listed as salicylate, sodium salicylate or willow extract. According to the FDA, the most common beta hydroxy acid, or BHA, found in acne care products is salicylic acid.
BHA Benefits
Like alpha hydroxy acids, or AHAs, BHAs such as salicylic acid gently exfoliate the outer layer of the skin, giving it a refreshed appearance. However, while AHAs are water soluble, BHAs are soluble in oil, explains skincare expert Paula Begoun. This makes BHAs better at reaching deeper into oil-clogged pores, reducing whiteheads and blackheads.
Minimal Irritation
Beta hydroxy acids are kinder to the face than AHAs, which can be irritating. Salicylic acid, which is similar to aspirin, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties as well, points out Begoun. When used as a peeling solution for acne-prone skin, BHAs can be beneficial for this skin type, as irritation and inflammation associated with AHA peels are kept at a minimum.
Choosing a Product
BHA can be very irritating to your skin because it is an exfoliant, cautions the FDA. Begoun advises choosing a product with 1 percent BHA if you've never tried one before. But if you have particularly oily skin, she advises starting out with an acne treatment that contains 2 percent BHA. You may need to experiment and try different products before you find the one that works best for you.
Cautions
Alpha hydroxy acids are known to increase your susceptibility for sunburn, and safety assessments are being conducted on skincare products containing beta hydroxy acids as well. Until results are in, the FDA advises taking the same precautions when using BHAs as you do with AHAs. Apply a small area of the product on your skin first to check for sensitivity. Always follow the product's directions. Don't apply products containing BHAs to babies and children. Finally, wear sunscreen if you use an acne treatment that contains beta hydroxy acid.
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