Tamoxifen is a prescription drug classified as an antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer and to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women at high risk. Tamoxifen blocks the effects of the hormone estrogen. Before initiating therapy with this drug, the physician should weigh the risks versus the benefits, and ensure that there are no contraindications present.
Pregnancy
Tamoxifen is classified in pregnancy category D, meaning that studies have demonstrated a significant risk of harmful effects to the fetus. Pregnant women should not be administered this medication unless the benefits of therapy far outweigh the risks, explains MayoClinic.com. Furthermore, pregnancy should be avoided during treatment and for two months after the completion of treatment.
Warfarin Therapy
The use of tamoxifen is contraindicated in patients who are currently on warfarin therapy, explains the "Drug Information Handbook." Concurrent use of these medications may increase the risk of bleeding. Individuals must always inform their physicians of all current medication regimens, including both prescription and over-the-counter drugs.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot, or thrombus, that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. Patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis should not be administered tamoxifen for cancer risk reduction. The physician should have a complete medical history of the patient to avoid dangerous effects. If the patient experiences swelling and redness in one leg, she should inform her physician immediately.
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary embolism is the blockage of a main artery in the lung, typically caused by a blood clot. The blood clot may be small, causing some damage to the lung, or large, potentially leading to death. A patient with a history of pulmonary embolism should not use tamoxifen to reduce the occurrence of breast cancer.
Allergy
An allergic reaction may occur if a patient has a hypersensitivity to tamoxifen or any component of the medication. Allergic reactions include rash, itchiness and redness of the skin. A severe allergic reaction may be characterized by blisters on the skin, shortness of breath and chest pain. If the patient is currently on the medication and develops an allergic reaction, she should stop taking the drug and seek medical help right away. She must never be prescribed the medication again.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Tamoxifen (oral route)
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2007
