Rashes on the skin are often harmless, but they can be annoying and embarrassing. Dozens of external factors and medical conditions can lead to skin rashes, but most resolve themselves with time and the proper treatment. If you develop a rash after taking medication or eating, see a doctor as soon as possible. Allergic reactions that lead to skin rashes can be serious.
Causes
Skin rashes are usually a result of contact with an irritating substance, an infection or a disease. You may get a rash after an insect bite or contact with a plant, such as poison oak, ivy or sumac. Chemicals in cosmetics, lotions, detergents, clothing dyes and soaps can lead to irritation and rashes in some individuals.
Chronic skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, can lead to scaly, itchy rashes on various parts of the body. Other infections and conditions, such as shingles, impetigo and scabies can manifest as red, itchy or painful patches of skin. Diseases such as syphilis, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can also cause skin rashes.
Self-Care
Many rashes clear up on their own within several days to several weeks. You can help to relieve itching, burning and painful rashes by applying cool compresses to the affected area. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams containing hydrocortisone may also help, but avoid applying cream to open or wounded skin. Oral antihistamines can reduce redness, swelling and itching from a rash. If you experience a painful rash, such as a rash from shingles, over-the-counter pain relievers can help.
Considerations
Seek immediate medical attention if you develop a rash you suspect is a result of an allergic reaction. Rashes from allergies to medication or food can appear quickly, and you may experience shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, fever or other symptoms along with the skin rash. See a dermatologist if your rash does not start to get better or if you have a rash that keeps coming back, as this can be a sign of an underlying medical condition.
Medical Treatment
Your doctor may prescribe topical creams containing corticosteroids to reduce the inflammation and severity of eczema and psoriasis symptoms. In severe cases, oral or injected corticosteroids may be used for short periods. Light therapy, either sunlight or artificial, can help to clear up these conditions as well. Medical treatment for rashes caused by underlying medical conditions may include antibiotics, antiviral drugs or antifungal creams. Adults over the age of 60 can get a shingles vaccine to prevent the condition.
Prevention
You cannot prevent many rashes, but keeping your skin healthy and clean can help you avoid some. Eliminating potentially irritating cosmetics and other skin products can help to reduce your risk of developing a rash, particularly if you have sensitive skin. Use mild soaps and detergents when washing your skin and clothes. Wearing protective clothing when you are in a wooded area can help you to avoid contact with poison oak and poison ivy.
