Congestive heart failure, or CHF, occurs when the heart fails to pump enough blood to supply the body. The heart continues to work, but not as efficiently as normal, therefore CHF will limit a person's capacity for activity. Signs of this cardiac condition serve as a warning that a serious medical situation exists.
Shortness of Breath
The American Heart Association explains that CHF causes a slowing down of the heart's blood flow that eventually results in a back-flow of blood returning to the heart. The result is fluid accumulation in various parts of the body. Back-up in the pulmonary veins causes fluid to leak into the lungs. A person wtih CHF experiences shortness of breath, most commonly during physical activity. This symptoms occurs at rest and even during sleep, with the sufferer waking up tired or having feelings of anxiety and restlessness.
Cough
A persistent cough with white- or blood-tinged mucus is a warning sign of CHF. The back up of blood in the pulmonary veins, which are the blood vessels that return blood from the lungs to the heart, is responsible for this symptom.
Edema
Edema is the swelling caused by excess fluid accumulating in tissue. In CHF, fluid builds up because of slow blood flow out of the heart and back up of returning blood. Elimination of sodium and water by the kidneys diminishes causing fluid retention. A person with CHF notices swelling in the feet, ankles, legs and abdomen.
Fatigue
To compensate, the body sends the limited output of blood to vital organs, such as the heart and brain. A constant feeling of fatigue and tiredness while performing activities such as climbing stairs are warning signs of CHF.
Confusion
Confusion, changes in thinking and memory loss result from the retention of substances, such as sodium, in the blood. Often, a significant other or caregiver notices the change in mental status before the person with CHF is aware of it.
Faster Heart Rate
A faster than normal heart rate warns of CHF. The heart beats faster to compensate for its inability to pump out enough blood. A person feels a fast throbbing sensation with the increased heart rate.
