Allergies to pets are common among children and adults. Culprits for allergic reactions are urine, saliva and dander, the dead skin flakes that the animal sheds. Fur or feathers themselves do not cause allergies, but allergens get transferred to them when the pet licks itself. Dander is especially problematic, because it sticks to furniture, clothes and other surfaces, and it mixes with other dust allergens and remains suspended in the air for months. Pet dander can trigger hay fever, contact dermatitis and asthma in people with pet allergies.
Antihistamines
A common treatment for pet dander allergy is antihistamine medication. It relieves sneezing, itching, runny nose and watery eyes associated with hay fever. It comes in tablet, syrup and suspension forms in both over-the-counter and prescription preparations. Common side effects of antihistamine use include drowsiness, dry mouth, nose or throat, and stomach upset.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids block the release of substances in the lungs and nasal passages, so the medication can treat both asthma and allergic reactions to pet dander. Inhaled corticosteroids are intended for long-term use, to keep the airways open and prevent the symptoms of asthma. Nasal corticosteroid sprays can relieve stuffy nose, irritation, sinus pressure and other symptoms of hay fever. Corticosteroids may cause coughing, dry mouth, sore throat and, in some cases, stomach pain, nausea and impaired growth in children.
Decongestants
Decongestants can relieve sinus pressure and nasal congestion, making it easier for patients to breathe. Allergy medications usually combine decongestants and antihistamines for wider-spectrum treatment of symptoms. Individuals should limit the use of decongestant nasal spray to several days, because it can worsen nasal congestion. Further, decongestants may cause an increase in blood pressure.
