A thyroid nodule is an irregular mass of thyroid cells that form a lump in the thyroid gland. According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA), thyroid nodules are the most common endocrine problem in America. Nodules that contain fair amounts of blood or fluid are considered thyroid cysts. While most cysts are benign (non-cancerous), complex cysts, or cysts that contain fluid and solid matter, may be malignant. For best results, doctor's guidance is suggested.
Causes
The specific cause of thyroid cysts remains unknown. However, according to the Mayo Clinic, thyroid cysts may derive from iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's disease and hypothyroidism, which is an underactive thyroid, genetic defects and radiation treatments that affect the neck or head during childhood.
Symptoms
Most thyroid cysts cause few, if any, symptoms. According to the ATA, some people notice a lump on their neck. Thyroid cysts may cause neck, jaw or ear pain, particularly if the cysts are large in size. Large thyroid cysts may also cause a "tickle" in the throat, or interfere with breathing or swallowing. In rare cases, cysts irritate nerves that affect the voice box, which results in hoarseness. The most common way thyroid cysts are detected, according to the ATA, is through doctor examination.
Risk Factors
Numerous factors increase a person's risk for developing thyroid nodules, including thyroid cysts. According to the Mayo Clinic, these factors include family history of thyroid nodules, gender, age, presence of thyroid medical conditions and radiation exposure. When close family members have thyroid nodules, a person's risk increases. Older people are more prone to thyroid nodules than youth, and risk tends to increase with age. Women develop thyroid nodules more frequently than men. Since radiation is considered a potential cause of thyroid nodules, anyone treated with radiation may also hold a higher risk.
Treatment
Medical treatment may involve removal of thyroid cysts or general monitoring. Cancerous thyroid cysts are generally removed surgically. A physician should monitor benign thyroid cysts that are left in place at least twice per year, according to the ATA. Some doctors recommend shrinking cysts and other nodules with thyroid hormone therapy. Large or growing cysts may also be removed.
Examination Preparation
When seeing a doctor regarding thyroid cysts, advance preparation may prove helpful. In some cases, thyroid exams involve restrictions, such as altered eating or drinking habits beforehand. The Mayo Clinic suggests inquiring about potential restrictions when the appointment is made. Preparing a list of symptoms with details such as severity and frequency of symptoms, any altered lifestyle habits and other potentially relevant observations can help doctors diagnose and treat thyroid conditions properly. Once at the doctor's office, the Mayo Clinic suggests asking what types of treatment are necessary and available for best results.
