A marriage license is a document that gives a couple the legal right to marry. In the United States, marriage licenses are governed by each state, and regulations may differ for residents of a state as compared to non-residents. In general, you must prove who you are and that there is no legal obstruction to the marriage. Some states have established a mandatory cooling-off period between obtaining the license and performing the wedding.
Identity and Right to Marry
Each state sets a minimum age for legal marriage, which is often--but not always--18. Those under age 18 may marry with parental permission or a court order. You may not marry a close blood relative, which may or may not include first cousins, depending on the state. Some states also prohibit marriages between those with close legal relationships, such as step-siblings.
Polygamy is not legal in the United States. If you have ever been married, you must prove that the marriage has ended by death, divorce or annulment. Bring your official documentation when you apply for the marriage license.
Waiting Period
Each state is free to set a mandatory waiting period before the marriage can occur. Three days is common, but waiting periods of up to six days are imposed by some states. A few states allow couples to marry at any time, with no waiting. Some states impose the waiting period between the time application is made and the time the license is delivered, while others start the clock when the license is obtained.
Blood Tests
At one time, blood tests for sexually transmitted diseases were mandatory in virtually all states. Most states, but not all, have now abolished mandatory blood tests. Some states routinely offer HIV tests and information regarding the disease to marrying couples, but no state requires HIV testing.
License Validity Period
A marriage license is valid only for a specified length of time, which is typically but not always 30 days. If you do not get married during the period of validity, you will have to apply for a new license. Take this into account when planning your wedding.
Documenting and Recording the Marriage
In order for a marriage to be legally valid, it must be documented and recorded according to state and local law. In general, the marriage ceremony must be performed by someone recognized by the state as having legal authority to perform marriages. Marriage ceremonies may be performed by either a religious official such as a priest or rabbi, or by a secular authority such as a judge. Typically, the marriage certificate must be signed by two witnesses and submitted to the state agency that handles marriage records.
