Knee pain is generally the result of overuse, sudden injury or conditions like arthritis, tendinitis and bursitis. For chronic pain, daily medications are useful for preventive therapy, while pain that results from an injury may require an X-ray, MRI or joint-fluid culture before treatments are implemented, the University of Maryland Medical Center notes. Once the cause of pain is determined, medications can be combined with adequate rest, ice pack applications and elevation for maximum relief.
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain reliever for general pain relief. Family Doctor.org reports that the medication relieves pain by functioning in the brain, where pain messages occur. The benefits to using acetaminophen include accessibility, as it inexpensive and easy to acquire, and safety, as it is typically a safe option for both long-term and temporary knee pain relief. However, acetaminophen is not always the best option for knee pain accompanied by inflammation, as the medication does not relieve swelling as do NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen.
NSAIDs
NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of drugs that work by reducing the level of pain-causing substances, prostaglandins, that irritate the nerve endings, according to FamilyDoctor.org. They are available in various strengths and forms. Pain relieving creams and rubs containing NSAIDs are helpful for on-the-spot treatment of knee pain. Oral NSAIDs are available both over-the-counter and by prescription. Potential side effects include stomach upset, increased bleeding or bruising--and with long-term use--kidney damage.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are prescription medications for knee pain and inflammation associated with arthritis, though they also treat lupus, asthma and allergic reactions. The drugs work by imitating the effects of natural hormones in the adrenal glands, which suppresses the immune system and the body's misdirected inflammation response, MayoClinic.com notes. Injections or oral drugs are the best options for knee pain. Side effects are greater with the use of oral medications and can include glaucoma, increased blood pressure, weight gain, mood swings and edema.
