Massage therapy is included as a part of complementary and alternative medicine, although it also has its place in conventional medicine, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). The benefits of massage have not undergone extensive study, but evidence supports its use in pain management and overall relaxation in cancer patients and those with chronic back and neck pain.
History
Massage comes from several different medical disciplines, according to NCCAM, and goes back thousands of years. Massage is mentioned in the ancient writings of many nations, including China, Japan, Egypt, Greece and Rome. Massage was also popular during the European Renaissance. Swedish massage was introduced to Americans in the mid-19th century, when it was recommended for numerous health conditions. After a hiatus, when advances in medical treatment took precedence, massage therapy became sought after again in the 1970s, particularly among athletes, NCCAM says.
Definition
Massage is simply the rubbing of the soft tissues--the muscles--for purposes of relieving tension and pain, increasing blood flow and promoting relaxation, says the University of Michigan Health System. A massage therapist primarily uses his or her hands to deliver treatment, but may use the forearms, elbows and feet. Among the 80 types of massage, Swedish massage is most common, says the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. This technique consists of four basic hand strokes: kneading, rubbing the muscles in a circular pattern, vibration and tapping, says NCCAM. Other types of massage therapy may include deep tissue massage, trigger point massage, reflexology and sports massage.
Health Benefits
Evidence indicates massage therapy can reduce pain and is an effective treatment for headaches. According to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, clinical trials indicate that massage therapy is beneficial for cancer patients by relieving pain and stabilizing mood. NCCAM says more than one theory has been formulated on how massage is beneficial for your health. One is the "gate theory," which proposes that massage therapy curbs pain signals dispatched from the nerves to the brain. Another theory is that massage causes chemicals such as serotonin and endorphins to be released in your body. More study is needed on massage therapy to assess how it affects the human body, NCCAM says.
Safety Concerns
Massage therapy is safe if done correctly, says the University of Michigan Health System. If you have a bleeding disorder, low blood platelet count or take blood thinners, avoid intense massage, NCCAM recommends. Blood clots, fractures, unhealed wounds and fragile bones also pose a concern when receiving massage therapy. NCCAM advises cancer patients and pregnant women to speak with a physician before seeking massage therapy.
Finding Massage Therapist
To make sure your health is in the right hands, look for a therapist who is certified by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork. This ensures that your therapist has the requisite skill level and training needed to deliver a safe, effective treatment, says the University of Michigan Health System. Be aware that massage therapy may not be covered by your health insurance plan.
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