Depression is a disorder in which an individual experiences changes in mood and behavior. The patient loses interest and pleasure in usual activities, hobbies or work. Sadness, pessimism, hopelessness and anxiety may also be present. Physical symptoms include weight changes, sleep disturbances and fatigue.
Suicidal Thoughts
Suicidal thoughts are a serious concern in depressed patients. If a patient experiences thoughts of hurting himself, he should seek professional help.
Causes
MayoClnic.com states that depression may be caused by an imbalance in brain chemicals, physical changes in the brain or a hormonal imbalance in the body. The death of a loved one, a high level of stress or abuse as a child can trigger depression as well.
Treatment
Many antidepressants are available for the treatment of depression. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Zoloft, Prozac and Celexa, and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, which include Cymbalta, Effexor and Pristiq, are usually the preferred treatment.
Goals
The goals of treatment are to reduce the symptoms of depression, prevent further episodes of depression and help the patient return to the quality of life she had before the illness, according to the text "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach."
Lifestyle Changes
Exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy diet and sleeping well may help improve symptoms. Alcohol and drug abuse can worsen symptoms of depression and should be avoided.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Depression Causes
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Joseph T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert., et al.; 2008
