Lupron is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, or LHRH, agonist. Also known generically as leuprolide acetate, it is used in prostate cancer hormone therapy. The drug works by suppressing the production of the male sex hormone, testosterone, in the testes, thereby reducing the negative effects of testosterone that encourage cancer growth. There are several side effects of Lupron, mainly from its action in reducing levels of testosterone.
Tumor Flare
According to Chemocare.com, leuprolide causes a transient increase in testosterone in the first two weeks of use, leading to a short-term increase in symptoms such as bone pain with metastasis and urinary retention from swelling of the prostate gland. There may be swelling around cancer deposits in the spine with development of spinal cord compression symptoms.
Loss of Libido
The reduction of testosterone by Lupron leads to a loss of libido or sex drive in men. There are also reports of impotence or erectile dysfunction, which is the inability to achieve or maintain adequate erection for sexual intercourse. According to the American Cancer Society, or ACS, leuprolide can cause breast tenderness and growth in breast tissue in men who use it.
Hot Flashes and Irritability
Hot flashes with severe sweating occur in people who take androgen deprivation treatment with drugs such as leuprolide, says the American Society of Clinical Oncology. They may also have depressed moods or be irritable. The ACS says that reduced cognition with difficulties in concentration and memory are further concerns in prostate cancer treatment with Lupron.
Osteoporosis
Bone thinning with the development of osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures are seen in the use of Lupron. Loss of muscle mass, weakness and fatigue are also seen in patients that take Lupron for prostate cancer.
Other Systemic Side Effects
Increased cholesterol in the blood is seen in patients who use Lupron, with increased risk of heart disease and stroke, says Chemocare.com. Other side effects associated with the use of Lupron in prostate cancer are sweating, swelling around the ankles and feet, weight gain and anemia.
