It's true that the Venn diagrams of martial arts and of self-defense overlap substantially. However, they are not identical. Due to the history, evolution and training practices of both disciplines, many martial arts are not very effective for self-defense. Likewise, many self-defense programs do not provide the personal growth opportunities afforded by martial arts trainings. Which is better depends on the practitioner's goals.
History
Part of what makes a fighting system better or worse for self-defense relies on its history. Some systems developed from combat techniques used on the battlefield, evolving over decades and centuries to build effective self-defense techniques. Aikido and krav maga are examples of this. Other systems, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu and boxing, are regulated sports where practitioners train for competition. Still other systems, such as kung fu, have their origins as exercise programs. As one might imagine, the battlefield martial arts are often, but not always, the best for self-defense.
Training Style
The way in which a system gets taught and practiced has an effect on how good it is for self-defense. Aikido and krav maga are both systems developed from battlefield techniques. However, aikido moves are complex and subtle, meaning that a student must practice for years before becoming combat effective. Krav maga, on the other hand, is a battlefield system based on large muscle movements and single, easy to remember, responses to several situations. From a self-defense standpoint, it's a more effective system. Conversely, Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a sport. Though this can limit its effectiveness as a self-defense form, "BJJ" students train very hard and stay in good physical condition. This can make a BJJ fighter very effective on the street simply by virtue of superior strength and conditioning.
Self-Defense Systems
Self defense systems focus on self-preservation. They tend to use simple techniques, often based on motions an average person already performs routinely. Most self-defense systems have a fast learning curve, so that practitioners can put them to work quickly.
Martial Arts Systems
Martial arts systems focus on self-perfection. By using complex, often beautiful, techniques, they challenge a practitioner to grow physically and mentally. Most martial arts systems have a slow learning curve, meaning practitioners must often learn for years before they can put them to work in combat.
Best System
According to martial arts instructor and historian Dave Coffman, there is no such thing as a superior martial art or self-defense system. Each potential student has his own needs and goals for entering into training. A police officer receives very basic combat training during academy, while a college professor might study a very esoteric art with no intention of ever getting into a scrape. The personality and goals of your teacher will also play a strong role. When considering what kind of program to enter, it's best to interview several schools to see which fits you best. In these cases, particular style is far less important than teacher personality, academy culture and training methods.
References
- "Tom Patire's Personal Protection Handbook"; Tom Patire; 2003
- Dave Coffman; Martial Arts Historian; Bushido Martial Arts; Hillsboro, OR
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