Heat stroke is caused by the body being unable to keep itself cool. This is a life-threatening condition resulting from the escalation of heat cramps and heat exhaustion. Body temperature is raised due to a combination of physical activity and environmental temperature. When signs of possible heat-related illness appear, immediate intervention is necessary to prevent serious damage. If you or someone you know is experiencing heat stroke, call emergency services for help. While waiting for medical help to arrive, try to find a cool or shaded area to rest, wet the skin with water and remove unnecessary clothing.
Step 1
Stay indoors or limit outside time during hotter months. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests remaining in cool or air-conditioned environments when it is too hot to be outside. Watch the news to gauge the daily temperature and if you must be outside when it is hot, take frequent breaks from direct sun in a shaded or cooler area.
Step 2
Increase your fluid intake to stay hydrated. Drinking water or fluids with electrolytes, such as sports drinks, replenishes your body of the necessary minerals needed to maintain core temperature. When you are outside or engaged in physical activity for long periods of time, your body perspires to regulate its temperature. A constant supply of fluid intake is necessary to maintain body health. The American Academy of Family Physicians suggests drinking plenty of fluids before starting outdoor activity and throughout the day.
Step 3
Dress for the weather. Wearing too many layers while outside or during physical activity increases your risk of heat exhaustion. The Texas Medical Association recommends wearing lightweight, loose-fitting and light-colored clothing to prevent rapid heat absorption from the sun.
Step 4
Wear protective gear. Sunscreen helps to prevent sunburn; however, you may also want to cover your head with a hat to provide facial shading. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes.
Step 5
Engage in exercise or vigorous activity early or later in the day. Schedule your outside activities during the cooler parts of the day to lower your risk of heat stroke. The American Academy of Family Physicians suggests exercising prior to 10 a.m. and after 6 p.m., when the temperature is lower than in the middle of the day.
Step 6
Recognize the signs. There are clear indications if you are experiencing heat-related illness. The Mayo Clinic notes that your skin may turn red and become flush as temperature increases. You may experience rapid and shallow breathing, increased heart rate and a throbbing headache. Initially you may experience heavy sweating during heat exhaustion. However, if you are experiencing heat stroke, you will no longer sweat and your skin may feel hot. Cramping, muscle weakness and nausea may also appear as signs of heat-related illness.
Tips and Warnings
- Use an umbrella for shade when outside.
- Limit use of sugary or alcoholic beverages as these will cause quicker loss of fluids than beverages without high sugar content. If you take medications, ask your physician if the medications impact body temperature during hotter weather conditions. Do not sit inside of a hot car or leave pets or children inside of a hot car for any period of time.
