Dementia is a multi-factorial, progressive condition that damages areas of the brain involved in memory intelligence, judgement, language and behavior. A deficiency in essential nutrients, such as B complex vitamins, is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly. Low vitamin B12 levels have been associated with cognitive decline. Prevention of dementia may also come from limiting the amount of total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol and increasing the amounts of essential fatty acids in the diet.
Deficiency in Antioxidents
Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants may help decrease the risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidants such as vitamins A and C help eliminate harmful free radicals from the body to help prevent a variety of diseases. Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin found in vegetable and nut oils as well as in spinach and whole grains. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits as well as tomatoes, spinach and red peppers.
B Vitamin Deficiencies
Deficiencies in vitamins B1, B6, B12 and niacin have been linked with the onset of dementia. Vitamin B1, or thiamine, deficiency may lead to mental and cognitive impairment and memory loss. Vitamin B6 deficiency has been linked with the development of pellagra, which is a neurological disorder that can be associated with dementia. A vitamin B12 deficiency or pernicious anemia may cause a range of dementia-related symptoms including depression, irritability and altered personality. Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products such as fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk and milk products. Niacin helps maintain cellular metabolism and the prevention of oxidative stress. Severe niacin deficiency can lead to delirium and possible onset of dementia.
Deficiency in Essential Fatty Acids
Essential fatty acids, such as those found in alpha linolenic acids or omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Dietary intakes should include consuming less cholesterol, trans fat and saturated fat and consuming more foods containing fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can increase learning and memory. Sources of omega-3 fatty acids include mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, albacore tuna and salmon.
