Despite its damaging side effects and illegal status, Ecstasy remains a popular recreational drug in the United States and abroad. Originally associated with all-night dance parties or "raves," today Ecstasy, also known as MDMA, is taken in a variety of social settings and is often mixed with other drugs. MDMA causes temporary changes in the brain that bring on a sense of euphoria and increased social intimacy along with increased stamina. While MDMA might have potential benefits in psychotherapy, its unregulated use remains a cause for concern.
Changes in the Body Heat Index
MDMA works by increasing the levels of serotonin and other neurotransmitters in the brain. While these effects lead to euphoria, they also affect many other bodily systems regulated by serotonin. The most common side effect is body changes related to the body heat index, or thermoregulation, including profuse sweating, hot flashes and chills, a rise in blood pressure and rapid heart rate.
Lack of Appetite
Serotonin also affects the body's hunger, and Ecstasy users overwhelming report a loss of appetite for hours after ingestion. A dry mouth is also common.
Jaw Tension
Most users experience uncomfortable tension in the jaw, often leading to unconscious teeth clenching. Teeth grinding, or bruxism, can also occur, leading to damaging wear on the enamel. These symptoms are more common in women than men, according to clinical studies published in a 2001 article in the journal Psychopharmocology.
Nausea
A common side-effect is nausea, accompanied by anxiety and restlessness. This side-effect is transitory in most cases and is experienced more often by men.
Muscle Cramping
Many users have muscle tension and painful muscle cramping.
Hangover Effect
Known as "Terrible Tuesdays" in some circles, the days following Ecstasy use include many of the negative symptoms listed above, as well as fatigue, insomnia and depression.
Possible Nerve Damage
Unlike many other stimulants, MDMA might destroy brain tissue even in normal doses. Animal research suggests that the serotonin nerve terminals are damaged, and in large doses, permanently destroyed, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The long-term effects of this brain damage are unknown.
