A bunion is an abnormal, bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe. The bunion causes the big toe to crowd against other toes, which enlarges the big toe joint and results in pain. Tight shoes, inherited structural defects and other medical conditions cause bunions, states MayoClinic.com. Doctors first attempt conservative treatments aimed at reducing symptoms; however, surgery may be necessary in severe cases. A patient should schedule an appointment with his doctor if he notices symptoms of a bunion.
Pain
People with bunions often experience pain. Wearing tight shoes can cause pain along the outside of the big toe joint. Furthermore, a person can experience pain when walking as the bunion enlarges. MayoClinic.com states that pain from a bunion can range from mild to severe. As the condition becomes more severe, a patient may begin to experience pain in the other toes as well. Many people decide to see a foot doctor or podiatrist when pain is persistent and finding shoes that fit properly becomes difficult. Medications or orthotics may be prescribed to relieve pain. Surgery may be needed if more conservative treatments do not relieve pain.
Swelling
When someone has a bunion, the big toe joint may be enlarged, red and sore. This occurs because the abnormal bony growth affects the tissues in the big toe joint, which can cause inflammation and swelling. Medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can relieve swelling. In addition, a patient can apply ice to the affected bunion when he notices swelling. Finally, elevating the bunion above the level of the heart during sleep can allow gravity to pull fluid out of the big toe joint, which will reduce swelling. A patient should see his doctor when swelling is persistent.
Calluses
Often, bunions can cause the first and second toes to overlap. This results in the formation of calluses or corns formation where these toes overlap. The formation of calluses or corns is another sign that a bunion is progressively worsening and may require medical treatment. Furthermore, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons states that the extra skin can also become painful as it thickens. Thus, a patient should seek medical attention for proper bunion treatment.
