Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is caused by the body's response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites or pet dander. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis include runny nose, congestion, sneezing and sinus pressure. People who experience symptoms year-round said to have perennial allergic rhinitis. Those who have symptoms at certain times of the year are said to have seasonal allergic rhinitis. In either case, antihistamines are the first line of treatment when battling allergic rhinitis. While antihistamines will not cure or prevent allergic rhinitis, they do help combat the symptoms.
First-Generation Antihistamines
"First-generation" antihistamines are so named because they are older medications that are often available over the counter. These drugs are known for their sedative side effects and are best used at nighttime. Other side effects of first-generation antihistamines include dry mouth, urinary retention or blurred vision. Medications included in this category include diphenhydramine, promethazine and brompheniramine. Patients who suffer from allergic rhinitis should consult their doctors prior to beginning any new medication.
Second-Generation Antihistamines
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, second-generation antihistamines are newer drugs that often must be prescribed by a doctor. These drugs do not have the sedative effect that the first-generation drugs do, so they are often used for daytime relief. These drugs include fexofenadine, cetirizine, and loratadine. Both cetirizine and loratidine are available for purchase over the counter. Patients should consult with their doctors to see if second-generation antihistamines are right for them.
Nasal Spray and Eye Drops
Prescription antihistamine nasal sprays and eye drops are available in addition to antihistamine pills. According to MayoClinic.com, nasal sprays like azelastine and olopatadine can help relieve the nasal symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis. Olopatadine is also available in the form of eye drops and helps to relieve eye symptoms like itchiness and irritation.
