Burns are categorized according to the extent of damage they cause. The least serious are first-degree or superficial burns, which affect only the outer layer of the skin, causing redness, swelling and sometimes pain. Superficial burns are most often caused by contact with chemicals or hot water. Second-degree burns damage the first and second layers of the skin, and cause blisters, intense reddening, severe pain and swelling. The most serious burns, third-degree or major burns, require emergency medical attention. Symptoms of third-degree burns include white, blackened or charred skin, and numbness.
Step 1
Remove clothing and jewelry from the burned area.
Step 2
Examine the skin to determine if it is a first-degree burn. The skin should be unbroken and the area should turn white when you press on it.
Step 3
Run cool water over the burned area for five to 15 minutes to reduce swelling. If running water is not available, plunge the burned area into a container of cool water or use a cool wet towel. If the burn was caused by contact with a chemical, such as a cleaning agent, flush the skin thoroughly until the chemical has been completely removed.
Step 4
Pat the skin dry with a clean towel.
Step 5
Apply an antibiotic ointment or skin lotion to protect the skin and promote healing. Skip this step if the burn was caused by contact with a chemical to avoid an unwanted chemical reaction.
Step 6
Apply a dry sterile bandage to the burn, wrapping it loosely to avoid pressure on the area. The dressing protects the skin, reduces pain and keeps air off the burn.
Step 7
Use an over-the-counter medication such as ibuprofen or naproxen to relieve pain and swelling. Acetaminophen helps to relieve pain but does not affect swelling.
Step 8
Keep the burned area clean and dry for at least 24 hours. Replace bandage as needed. The skin may peel off in one to two days, but the area should heal within three to six days without scarring or blistering.
Tips and Warnings
- Using ice, butter, ointment, creams or petroleum jelly on any type of burn can cause more skin damage.
- Treatment depends in part on the source of the burn. Electrical burns can cause serious internal injuries so someone with even a minor electrical burn should go immediately to the hospital for evaluation. Even first-degree or superficial burns can be serious if the burned area is extensive or affects the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint. Do not give aspirin to a child under the age of 12 years old. Do not apply a bandage to a small child who might choke on it.
Things You'll Need
- Cool running water, pan of cool water or cold compress
- Skin lotion or antibiotic ointment
- Bandage
- Tape
- Over-the-counter medication
