What Is Ginseng Extract?

Ginseng extract comes from the roots of plants in the Panax genus. The term "ginseng" may refer to either American ginseng--Panax quinquefolius--or Asian ginseng--Panax ginseng. The two types of plants are chemically similar and share some of the same active constituents. While ginseng extract may promote certain health benefits, you should consult a qualified health practitioner for details on safety precautions, side effects and the proper dosage.

History

The medicinal use of ginseng stretches back thousands of years. Native Americans used the plant for indigestion, headaches and fever. Even notable historical figures such as George Washington and Daniel Boone made use of the plant: Boone used it for trading while Washington gathered it. The herb once grew wild in the land east of the Mississippi River, but most current American ginseng comes from farming.
Asian ginseng grows mostly in east Asia, where people have used it for more than 5,000 years.

Types

While the two most common types of ginseng used for extracts are American and Asian, there are several other varieties. "Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology of Herbal Products" by Melanie Johns Cupp names as many as six, but claims that most health benefits derive from only three: American, Asian--also called Korean or Chinese ginseng--and Japanese ginseng, which goes by the scientific name "Panax pseudo-ginseng." Another variety, Siberian ginseng, or Eleutherococcus senticosus, is composed of different chemical constituents. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) notes that Siberian ginseng is only distantly related to the other types; it is its own plant with different active ingredients, benefits and effects.

Uses

Common uses for ginseng extract include improving mental acuity, easing stress, boosting the immune system and reducing the risk of cancer. The U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health give ginseng a "B" grade for its antioxidant effect in treating heart conditions, its ability to enhance the responsiveness of the immune system, and its effect lowering blood sugar in people with type-2 diabetes. Many people use ginseng extract as an energy booster, though "Nature's Medicines" notes that the herb is not a stimulant. The benefits of ginseng extract may seem enticing, but more rigorous testing is needed to confirm its efficacy.

Usage Information

The information presented here should not replace consultation with a knowledgeable health care professional. It is not intended as advice.
UMMC lists alcohol, water and a blend of alcohol and water as common bases for ginseng extracts. Adults may take 1/4 to 1/2 tsp. of ginseng extract up to three times a day. Because ginseng lowers blood sugar levels, it is best taken with food. Do not give ginseng extract to children.

Side Effects and Contraindications

Ginseng extract may cause nosebleeds, headaches, vomiting, elevated blood pressure, anxiety and insomnia. UMMC warns that women who are pregnant, breastfeeding or at high risk for breast cancer should avoid ginseng. The extract may negatively interact with diabetes medications, blood thinners, antidepressants and antipyschotic medications. In addition, people on certain types of ADHD medications, such as amphetamines or methylphenidate, should avoid ginseng because it may enhance the stimulant effect of these drugs and increase their side effects.