Swelling
Sinus headaches occur when air-filled cavities, or sinuses, in the forehead, cheekbones and behind the bridge of the nose swell up. The swelling can be caused by bacterial or fungal infection, allergies, colds, an impaired immune system or even a tumor. Inflammation prevents the outflow of mucus, which is trapped. This results in very painful sinus headaches that can sometimes feel like intense migraine headaches.
Constant Pain
The headaches, also called sinusitis, bring on a constant pain in the cheekbones, forehead and/or the bridge of the nose. The pain can intensify simply by moving the head. There may be other symptoms such as nasal discharge, a feeling of impacted ears, fever or facial swelling. Call your doctor if some or all of those symptoms last longer than 10 days, you have a severe headache that does not stop with over-the-counter remedies or the headache is accompanied by a fever greater than 100.5 degrees. People susceptible to sinus headaches include those who have asthma, nasal growth or polyps, a weak immune system, respiratory system diseases, or allergies to dust, mold or pollen. Many people with symptoms of sinus headaches may actually be suffering from migraine or tension headaches.
Exams
A physician can examine your nasal passages or test mucus samples from inside your nose for signs of sinus infection. A fever often indicates your sinus headache is caused by an infection that has led to sinus blockage. A physical exam, CT scan or MRI testing can determine this blockage. Make sure you tell the doctor if you have allergies or if you smoke, which may also contribute to acute sinusitis. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis, or corticosteroid nasal sprays or pills if the sinus headaches are related to inflammation or allergies. The sinus headaches will disappear when an infection clears up. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help you along the way. In some cases, surgery may be recommended if there is a structural problem that causes the headaches.
Prevention
As with colds and other viruses, there are ways to prevent or reduce the risk of sinus headaches, especially if you believe you might be susceptible. Keep your sinuses healthy by washing your hands with soap and water often, which helps avoid upper respiratory infections. Avoid tobacco smoke and other air irritants that can cause sinus membranes to swell up. Some people with sinus trouble will use a humidifier to add moisture to dry indoor air and help the sinuses. The goal is to stop any pressure that will cause these painful headaches.
