Spending time in the sun appeals to many people, both young and old. The sun also carries major risks to your skin and overall health. Excessive sun exposure may cause sunburns, age spots, wrinkles and skin cancer, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. The organization also states that more than 90 percent of skin cancer occurs on areas of the body exposed to the sun. Following sun safety rules reduces your exposure to help avoid the potential effects of sun damage.
Apply Sunscreen
Sunburns damage the skin and increase your risk of skin cancer, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Two different types of rays from the sun, UVA and UVB, both cause damage to your skin. Choosing a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher protects your skin from both types of rays, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. They also recommend a waterproof sunscreen. You should reapply the sunscreen every two hours. Reapply more frequently if you're swimming or sweating profusely. Sunscreen is important even on cloudy days and in the winter because the sun's UV rays still reach your skin.
Cover Up
Your choice of clothing also impacts the amount of damage done by sun exposure. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends covering up as much of your skin as possible with pants, long sleeves and hats with a wide brim. Wearing sunglasses helps protect your eyes from the UV rays; this reduces your chances for eye problems in the future.
Choose the Shade
The American Academy of Dermatologists recommends choosing a shady spot. If shade is available, position yourself there as much as possible. If no natural shade is available, take along a large umbrella to create your own shade.
Timing
The sun's rays are the most powerful between the hours of 10 a.m and 4 p.m. Avoid spending time outdoors during those hours if possible. If you are outside when the sun is at its strongest, try to stay in the shade and keep yourself covered as much as possible. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends heading inside or into the shade if your shadow is shorter than you, a sign that the sun is bright and strong.
Beware of Sand, Water and Snow
Sand, water and snow add to the risk factor of sun damage, according to the EPA. These surfaces reflect the sunlight and its harmful UV rays. Not only are you exposed with the sunlight that hits you directly, you're likely receiving additional UV rays that are reflected onto you.
