Mental retardation results from genetic factors, infections, birth defects or life events such as a head injury or stroke, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many people with mental retardation require long-term care or the help of a loved one to assist with daily living skills, such as personal hygiene. Understanding mental retardation and the importance of personal hygiene will help you understand the importance of helping your loved one.
Definition
A disability beginning before the age of 18 and featuring significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior defines mental retardation, according to the Virginia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services. To meet the intellectual functioning limitation, an individual must score 70 or below on an IQ test. Taking into consideration the standard error measurement of 5, an individual may score up to 75 and still meet the intellectual functioning limitation. A diagnosis may fit if an individual also shows limitations in adaptive behavior, and the disability begins before the age of 18.
Types of Adaptive Behavior
Adaptive behavior encompasses skills used in everyday functioning and includes conceptual, social and practical skills, according to the Hope Enterprises website. Conceptual skills include the ability to receive and express verbal communication, reading and writing, and understanding the concept of money and self direction. Social skills include interpersonal relationships, responsibility, self-esteem, naivete and gullibility, the ability to follow rules or obey laws and the ability to avoid victimization. Practical skills include daily living skills such as eating, dressing, toilet usage, preparing meals, taking medication, using the phone, using transportation, money management, cleaning the house, work-related skills and maintaining a safe environment.
Importance of Personal Hygiene
Personal hygiene protects everyone from illness by helping the skin fight infection, preventing injuries, removing things from the skin that may promote the growth of bacteria, and keeping your teeth and gums healthy, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare. Personal hygiene does not only positively affect health though. Proper hygiene can also increase self-esteem and make you feel more comfortable and relaxed. Those affected by mental retardation suffer from impairment in adaptive behaviors, which may negatively impact personal hygiene.
Types of Personal Hygiene
Bathing removes dirt and excess oils from skin, while also improving blood flow and reducing discomfort, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare. Hair care such as washing, brushing and trimming reflects how you feel about yourself. Hair needs washing at least once per week and requires brushing every day. Skin care keeps skin moisturized and clean through proper washing and the use of lotions or moisturizers. Older skin gets dryer quicker and may need more moisturizing than young skin. Hand care involves caring for the nails in particular. Nails should be neatly trimmed and moisturized often. Massaging nails helps increase circulation, while also softening cuticles to prevent hangnails. Oral hygiene prevents sores and bad breath. Your teeth require daily brushing and flossing. If you wear dentures, dentures need cleaning at least once per day.
Available Help
You can find help for mental retardation through your Human Services Department. Most states offer services, including foster homes or small group homes. Also, career services often offer support through job placements with businesses known as inclusive employers. If you need community or governmental support, do not hesitate to contact your local Human Services Department to find what resources your state offers.
References
- CDC: Intellectual Disability
- Virginia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services: Frequently Asked Questions About Mental Retardation
- Hope Enterprises: Introduction to Mental Retardation
- Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare: Personal Hygiene
- Pecan Valley Mental Health Mental Retardation: What Is Mental Retardation?
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