Age spots are painless, flat areas of dark skin that commonly develop in people over 40, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The lesions frequently develop on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the hands, face, arms and shoulders. Age spots are not dangerous, and even though they are frequently referred to as "liver spots," their development has nothing to do with the liver, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.
Causation
Long-term sun exposure, or even exposure to ultraviolet light from tanning beds, can cause age spots to develop, according to the Mayo Clinic. Exposure to ultraviolet light causes your skin cells to produce more melanin, the substance that gives skin its color. Age spots form when melanin is overproduced. Some people are genetically predisposed to develop age spots, according to the American Academy of Dermatology.
Prevention
You can take steps to prevent age spots caused by sun exposure. When you are out in the sun, shield your skin with hats, protective clothing and sunscreen with a sun protection factor, or SPF, of at least 30, recommends the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Try to reduce outdoor activities between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun's rays are the most harmful, warns the Mayo Clinic.
Treatment
Age spots don't require medical treatment, the NIH says, but cosmetic treatments are available. Skin lightening creams may reduce the appearance of age spots. These topical medications are available over the counter, and your doctor can prescribe a stronger preparation if you need it. Your doctor may suggest cryotherapy, which involves freezing skin lesions, to remove a skin spot. Other cosmetic procedures, such as laser therapy, dermabrasion and chemical peels, may be effective, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Considerations
Cancerous skin lesions may be mistaken for age spots. If you develop a lesion that is notably darker than surrounding skin, appears to be more than one color or has an uneven border, have a doctor examine it. Visit your doctor if you notice a spot has changed or grown in size. These could be symptoms of melanoma, a potentially deadly form of skin cancer.
Warning
Skin lighteners and bleaching creams commonly contain hydroquinone, which can cause potentially irreversible skin discoloration when used incorrectly. The American Academy of Dermatology warns consumers to check the label of over-the-counter skin-bleaching products to make sure they do not contain more than 2 percent hydroquinone. Products that contain more hydroquinone should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. Carefully follow the instructions on any skin lightener you use to avoid complications.
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