Exercise signifies a multitude of meanings to an assorted group of athletes. Exercise can be lifting weights, going for a walk, running on trail, playing a sport or doing the elliptical. For runners, using an elliptical trainer is often suggested and used as a cross-training device to work into a training program or running schedule. They both have advantages and disadvantages, and the ultimate comparison requires the goal to be the focus.
Function
If the goal is to run a race, then running is the best choice. It is as simple as that---there is no perfect substitute for running if the target achievement is to run. If the goal is to exercise to stay fit and healthy, the elliptical is extremely efficient, and gives a non-impact and aerobic workout. Running is popular because it requires nothing more than a pair of shoes. Sure, indoor treadmills are a blessing in areas with brutal summer heat or freezing, snowy winters---but they are not a requirement. Running tends to provide a higher intensity workout, usually burning slightly more calories and maintaining the perception of a "better" workout. The elliptical requires a machine, but provides cardiovascular exercise without direct impact to the feet, ankles, knees and hips, because the feet never leave the pedals. For this reason, it has become popular among runners as a cross-training choice; the elderly as a way to attenuate osteoporosis and muscle atrophy; and physical trainers for injury rehabilitation.
Benefits
Running provides the necessary impact to train the body to run, building cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength in the lower body. An elliptical trainer provides an aerobic workout without the impact of running, reducing the stress on the joints of the body. It gives the body a break from high-impact activity and still serves to maintain cardiovascular fitness.
Considerations
Once again, the goal of the athlete must be kept in mind. If the goal is to exercise, running or elliptical will suffice to maintain health, cardiovascular shape and weight control. However, if the goal is to run a race, no matter the distance, running itself is a must. Although the elliptical provides a great alternative to running during injury or for cross-training days, it is by no means a true substitute for running. Speaking in regard to the musculoskeletal system and the specific muscles trained during running, there is no exercise to replacing running. So, if a runner has a choice to run, either outside or on the treadmill, then she should do it.
Training Tip
To get a workout more similar to running, try using the elliptical for longer than a typical run. Experiment with workout times on the elliptical trainer to determine how long of a workout challenges the body in a similar way to running.
Warning
If you are training for a marathon or half marathon, avoid overusing the elliptical during your marathon training. It should only be used during your cross-training days or for injury rehabilitation. If you mostly use the elliptical rather than running itself, then the race could be beyond painful.
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