Information On Obesity In Children

Approximately 17 percent of children ages 2 to 17 are obese, according to the 2007 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Because obesity increases the risk for serious medical problems and has a social stigma, this high obesity rate may have dangerous consequences.

Definition

Harvard Medicine defines obesity as an excess amount of body fat. Because children grow at different rates, parents may have difficulty determining if their children are overweight or obese. A medical professional can make this determination based on a physical exam and medical history.

Significance

Obesity can have serious health consequences, including an increased risk for breathing problems, high blood pressure, difficulty sleeping, heart disease and diabetes. Obesity in children also has social consequences. Peers and even adults discriminate against obese children, especially because these children often appear older than their actual ages. Dr. William Dietz of Tufts University School of Medicine explains that appearing older results in inappropriate expectations of obese children.

Factors

Several factors contribute to obesity in children. Poor diet leads to the consumption of more calories than needed. Limited physical activity makes it difficult to burn these extra calories, which leads to excessive weight gain. Those with a family history of obesity have a greater risk of obesity than those with a family history that does not include obesity.

Cushing’s syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome contribute to obesity because of changes in hormone levels that control weight. Some medications also cause obesity. These medications include diabetes drugs, antidepressants, steroids, anti-seizure medications, antipsychotic drugs and beta blockers, according to MayoClinic.com. Depression, stress and low self-esteem also play a role in the development of obesity.

Economic Cost

Childhood obesity affects everyone, not just obese children. The annual cost of treating the complications of obesity has increased by more than 300 percent since 1979, according to the American Public Health Association (APHA). From 1979 to 1981, the annual cost of treating obesity complications in children was $35 million. The APHA reports that this number grew to $127 million in the period covering 1997 to 1999.

Prevention/Solution

The Office of the Surgeon General recommends making dietary changes that reduce the intake of fat, calories, cholesterol and sodium. Give your children access to whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products. Instead of beef, prepare poultry and fish to get protein and other nutrients. Provide water as an alternative to soda, punch and other sugary drinks. Limit portion sizes to reduce the risk of eating too much in one sitting.

You should also encourage children to stay active, which burns calories and has other health benefits. Regular exercise decreases blood pressure, strengthens the bones, increases self-esteem and reduces emotional stress. Encourage children to jump rope, dance, swim, walk or participate in sports to stay fit.