Virus
Cold sores are caused by certain strains of the herpes virus, which can result in sores or blisters breaking out around the mouth or on the genitals. Herpes simplex virus type 1 usually causes cold sores while herpes simplex virus type 2 is responsible for genital herpes. But either type can cause sores in the facial or genital area. The cold sore virus usually enters the body through breaks in the skin around or inside the mouth. It can be spread from person to person by kissing or other close contact. Sharing eating utensils or razors have been known to spread the virus. Touching an infected person's saliva can cause cold sores. Parents may often spread the infection to a child in this manner. But it is considered almost impossible to catch cold sores from contaminated surfaces, towels or washcloths.
Infected
People who can spread the virus are most contagious when they have active blisters or sores. They are less likely to spread it when the blisters have dried or crusted over. When the blisters first appear, the cold sores will break open, leaking a clear fluid before drying up. The entire process can take several days to two weeks. If you are aware someone has a cold sore, you can prevent the spread by avoiding contact with infected body fluids and avoid sharing eating utensils, drinking cups or other personal items with an infected person.
Recurrence
After a person is infected, the virus enters the nerve cells and lies dormant for a period. The virus can start multiplying again at anytime causing new cold sores. Conditions that can cause recurrences of the cold sore outbreaks include fever, colds or flu, other changes to the immune system, exposure to the sun, stress, hormonal changes or trauma to the skin. The cold sores usually recur in the same area. They can happen again from once a month to once a year. You should see a doctor if you believe you might be infected with a cold sore virus. A physician can usually tell if you have a cold sore through a simple examination or by asking you questions about recent personal contacts. Cold sores can be treated with skin creams, ointments or pills. But there is not a cure. Once infected, you can have breakouts at anytime in the future.
