Stretch marks, also called striae, are common and usually harmless, although they can be a cosmetic nightmare. Though largely genetic, there are a few methods for keeping skin healthy that may prevent stretch marks. There are also treatment options available for those with more severe cases of stretch marks. Candidates for stretch marks include extreme body builders, those who have experienced dramatic weight gain, those who have numerous weight fluctuations and pregnant women.
Biology
The skin has three major layers, the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis. Stretch marks occur in the dermis and newer ones are usually pink or purple. Older stretch marks generally fade to white. There is controversy as to whether stretch marks are caused by an increase in the hormone glucocorticoids, or simply tears in the dermis. Health-cares.net explains that glucocorticoids prevent the formation of collagen and elastin that help keep the skin firm and elastic. There is an increase in this hormone during pregnancy, obesity, extreme weight lifting and Cushing’s syndrome.
Causes
Normally, stretch marks are caused by weight gains or fluctuations. They occur in about 90 percent of pregnancies. During puberty, about 40 percent of males and 70 percent of females get them. Chronic steroid use can lead to stretch marks. In rare cases, stretch marks can be caused by a disorder called Cushing’s syndrome. The Nation Endocrine and Disease Service defines Cushing’s syndrome as an endocrine disease that can result in large, unexplained purple or pink stretch marks along the abdomen, arms, thighs, buttocks and breasts.
Prevention/Solution
Drink plenty of water. This will keep your skin cells plump and able to adapt to excessive stretching. Keep your skin moisturized with an alpha hydroxyl lotion. According to HealthGuidance, alpha-hydroxy acids help remove the old layers of epidermis and regenerate new skin beneath. Exercise regularly to prevent excessive fat gain and keep skin supple. Eat a balanced diet, rich in vitamins A, C, and E. These vitamins have regenerative properties and high antioxidant levels.
Treatment
If you have newer stretch marks, The Mayo Clinic recommends tretinoin cream, which helps reduce their appearance by matching their tone to that of healthy skin by promoting collagen production. Pulsed dye laser therapy helps stimulate production of collagen and elastin, which remodels the underlying skin. For older stretch marks, microdermabrasion is an option because it blows small crystals onto the skin which smooths it. Old skin cells fall away making room for newer skin underneath. The excimer laser is a different technique as it stimulates melanin production causing darker pigmentation of stretch marks, matching it to healthy skin around it.
Things to Avoid
Some behaviors that may lead to stretch marks. Scratching can break up collagen bonds, leaving tears in the dermis. Prolonged sun exposure can weaken and destroy those bonds as well, so make sure to use plenty of high SPF sunscreen. Smoking causes premature aging and weakens the production of collagen and elastin.
