Radon is a radioactive gas that is responsible for tens of thousands of lung cancer deaths every year, according to the American Cancer Society. Unfortunately, radon is also virtually omnipresent; it forms naturally from the decay of uranium in rocks and soil. Radon can build up to dangerous levels in houses and buildings so all homeowners should test their homes and consider taking steps to clean the air if radon is present.
Significance
Radon is the second-leading cause of lung cancer after smoking but unlike smoking-related lung cancers, everyone is susceptible to radon lung damage. Radon is found in all air throughout the U.S., both indoors and out, but is a particular threat in homes, where radon exposure is highest. Certain parts of the country have especially high radon levels due to natural geological formations but no radon-free areas exist; that’s why both the National Cancer Institute and the Environmental Protection Agency recommend that all homeowners conduct a simple home radon test.
Testing
Short-term, do-it-yourself radon tests kits are an inexpensive and quick way to test your home’s radon levels. These tests last between 2 and 90 days, after which you’ll send your finished test kit to a laboratory for results. If your radon levels are found to be 4 pCi/L or higher, the EPA recommends conducting a second test to verify the results. Alternatively, you can hire a professional to conduct the test for you.
Test Results
If test results indicate radon levels between 2 and 4 pCi/L or highe, you should take steps to reduce these levels; most homes’ levels can be brought under 2 pCi/L. However, there is no safe amount of radon exposure so even homeowners with lower levels should consider the benefits of radon reduction. Congress has set a goal of reducing indoor radon levels to be equal with or lower than outdoor levels, which are typically about 0.4 pCi/L.
A Contractor's Role
A qualified radon mitigation contractor is your best ally in reducing your home’s radon levels. A professional can test and inspect your home and provide advice about the various radon reduction methods available so you can make an informed decision. Your state's radon office can provide you with a list of certified or qualified radon contractors. Be sure to obtain references before hiring any contractor and make sure the person you choose is bonded and insured.
Reduction Systems
The most effective radon reduction devices are those that stop the gas from entering your home. The best solution is usually a soil suction radon reduction system, which consists of a pipe system and fan that draws radon from the ground and vents it into the outside air. The configuration of a soil suction system varies depending on the type of home you have; basement, slab-on-grade and crawlspace homes each require different suction methods.
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