While most birthmarks do not present a medical danger, they often are removed for cosmetic reasons. Birthmarks do not always appear at birth, but can develop within a few weeks of birth, report Mayo Clinic doctors. Skin discolorations, often referred to as birthmarks, can be a sign of an underlying disease. They may change in shape and size. A pediatrician should monitor all birthmarks for signs of complications. Some birthmarks should be removed to prevent further problems, while others can wait until the child is older and requests a cosmetic treatment. There are few side effects involved in birthmark removal procedures, but all procedures inherently carry some risk.
Infection
Any time the skin is cut, there is a chance that infection may form. Make sure to use an experienced doctor or cosmetic surgeon for any kind of birthmark removal to increase your chances of avoiding infection. Whether you undergo laser surgery, an incision and skin graft or dermabrasion to remove the unsightly marks, there is a risk that the wound can become infected. Follow-up cleaning habits and care of the wound also are vital to prevent further complications due to infection.
Scarring
There is a risk that you may have an additional mark or scar following the treatment. Improper healing of the wound, infection and poor medical technical skills all can lead to inflammation, open wounds and eventual scarring. The risks of scarring increase with every treatment. Often, lasers and dermabrasion require multiple treatments to completely remove the birthmark.
Uneven Skin Tones
There is no guarantee that the new skin that replaces the treated area following a procedure will be the same color and tone as your other skin. Skin pigmentation changes over time and does not always return to its original color.
Other Risks
One of the most common treatments for birthmarks is corticosteroids, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. The medication may either be injected or given orally. Treatment may be required for a few months to see any benefits, which can lead to risks of side effects, such as lowered blood pressure or adrenal gland insufficiency. According to the Hospital for Special Surgery, without proper adrenal functioning, the body is less able to cope with physical stress. Long-term corticosteroid use can create a physical dependence on the drug, lead to osteoporosis, gastrointestinal bleeding or weight gain. Steroids also are linked to mood disorders, insomnia and high blood pressure.
