What Are the Different Kinds of Contraceptives?

Overview

Many kinds of contraceptives exist today. These methods are available as short term options, or devices that can protect against pregnancy for years. Each individual must decide which products will be most suitable based on his or her intentions. For those desiring to be protected for a longer period of time, without putting much thought or effort into contraception, an implanted device may be ideal. But for those who may want to become pregnant soon, alternative methods may be more practical. The side effects that may accompany such contraceptives should also be considered.

Oral Contraceptives

Oral contraceptive birth control methods can be highly effective when taken as directed (98 percent or better). Most contain the hormones estrogen and progesterone and work by preventing ovulation. These methods should be utilized by younger women who do not smoke and are responsible enough to remember to dose regularly, as missing pills can result in pregnancy. Major side effects that exist with oral contraceptives are increased risk of heart attacks and blood clots, and therefore should only be taken by healthy women. The newest pills like Yasmin, are also said to be useful for other purposes, such as acne and PMS symptoms.

The Sponge

The Today Sponge is a female contraceptive device that must be inserted before intercourse and contains spermicides that offer protection for up to 24 hours. This method is not as effective as the oral contraceptive method, offering 72 percent to 84 percent pregnancy prevention, however, the effectiveness may be decreased for those who have had children. The sponges are available over-the-counter and can be purchased at pharmacies or health stores.

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Long Term Options

The IUD is an implanted device that must be placed in the uterus by a physician. The Mirena IUD is a hormone-releasing system that prevents pregnancy for up to five years with a 99 percent effectiveness rating.The device is T-shaped and contains the same hormone (progestin) that is used in oral contraceptives. The hormone is released into the uterus over the course of its use. It is recommended that women using this device check it often to be sure it is in place (feeling for the threads at the top of the vagina will ensure its placement). Serious side effects associated with the Mirena IUD are pelvic inflammatory disease, perforation of the uterus, infection and expulsion.

Another long-term option includes Implanon, a hormonal implant that contains progestin and is inserted under the upper arm. This device can be 99 percent effective for up to three years.

Jellies, Creams and Gels

Spermicides are over-the-counter products that are available as jellies, creams, gels, foams and film. These products contain chemicals that prevent pregnancy by killing the sperm but are less effective than other methods, providing an average 79 percent effective rate. The most common side effect is genital irritation. These products should not be confused with lubricants, which are not intended to prevent pregnancy, rather to enhance sexual pleasure.

Condoms

Perhaps the oldest and most widely known contraceptive method is the condom, which has been around for centuries. The materials used to make a condom have changed from paper to animals skins and are now typically made of rubber or latex. Condoms are popular for their effectiveness at reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases while preventing pregnancy. They are available at most groceries stores, pharmacies, and even gas stations. This method works by creating a barrier between the penis and the vagina, keeping the sperm from implanting the egg and, if used properly, can be 97 percent effective.