How Do Partial Dentures Work

Types

Dentures are prosthetic devices designed to replace natural teeth that have been removed because of decay, disease or accident. Partial dentures are replacement teeth attached to a gum-like plastic plate that replicates the natural structure of the gums. A metal brace is traditionally added for support, but innovations include flexible technologies to replace the metal bracing. Semi-permanent partials are attached to the natural teeth for support. Removable partials have clasps called precision attachments that are used to lock the denture in place so that the device feels natural. Partials allow for normal chewing and for proper formulation of speech sounds. Once the wearer has become accustomed to the partial denture, it should operate in the same manner as natural teeth.

Bridges

A bridge is a type of partial denture. It is used when teeth are missing or when there is a gap in the natural tooth growth. Molds are made of the teeth on either side and an artificial tooth is created from polymers or ceramic to replace the gap. Bridges attach to the tooth on either side of the opening and may be permanently fitted or removable. Sometimes the teeth on either side must be capped or crowned to provide extra support for the bridge.

Proper Cleaning and Care

Dentures are maintained in the same manner as natural teeth. That means regular cleaning appointments and checkups. Partial dentures require adequate cleaning, including the use of a toothbrush and denture paste for permanent partials, or denture cleaner for removable models. The American Dental Association cautions that removables should always be kept moist in order to maintain the appropriate shape. Understanding proper care of the prosthetic is critical to healthy gums and maintaining other teeth. Claude W. Drake and J.D. Beck of the Department of Diagnostic Sciences in the School of Dentistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, found that wearers of partial denture had a high incidence of cavities and gum disease. Their study concluded that these problems might have been avoided with better denture education.

Maintaining Partials

Partial dentures must be maintained in the same manner as natural teeth. Drake and Beck's 2007 study of over 800 partial denture wearers also found that failure to repair or have partial dentures adjusted was directly related to the amount of periodontal disease in the study participants. This included both surface and root cavities. The ADA recommends a diagnostic visit to the dentist any time the denture feels loose.