Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant form of cancer that arises from the olfactory nerve, which controls the sense of smell. This slow-growing tumor advances into the ethmoid sinuses. The ethmoid sinuses are located within the skull between the eye sockets and above the nose. In some cases, the tumor grows into the brain cavity around the cribiform plate in the frontal fossa. The cribiform plate is the bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. Surgical removal of the tumor is the primary choice of treatment followed by postoperative radiation and chemotherapy.
Skin Damage
A radiation oncologist prescribes a precise dose of radiation to kill or slow the growth of the cancer cells. A minimal number of healthy cells are destroyed in the treatment process. To treat olfactory neuroblastoma, radiation is beamed at the head. Although most of the radiation is delivered below the skin, some surface skin damage happens. According to the American Cancer Society, skin redness resembling a sunburn develops within two weeks of treatment.
Eye Irritation
Radiation causes irritation and redness of the eyelids plus involuntary tearing of the eyes. The Radiation Medical Group warns of the rare occurrence of cataracts or more serious visual impairment. The incidence of major visual damage is less than 1 percent.
Hair Loss
Hair loss within the treated area, such as the loss of eyelashes and eyebrows, occurs two to four weeks after treatment has begun. To treat olfactory neuroblastoma, radiation beams are directed at the front of the skull as well as the sides and back of the head. Hair loss pattern reflects where the radiation is delivered. Usually, regrowth of hair happens three to six months after treatment ends. In rare cases, hair does not grow back.
Fatigue
According to the American Cancer Society, the feeling of being physically, mentally and emotionally tired is commonly felt with cancer and often with radiation therapy.
The Cleveland Clinic points out that energy levels vary among individuals. Thus, the side effect of radiation therapy on individual energy levels will vary. Some people experience mild fatigue. Others need to change their daily routines to cope with increased fatigue.
