A bunion is a large bony bump that forms at the base of the big toes, states MayoClinic.com. A bunion causes enlargement of the big toes joint, which forces the big toes to crowd against the other toes. Tight-fitting shoes, inherited structural defect or stress from another medical condition commonly causes bunions. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons states that more than half of the women in America have bunions that result in painful, swollen and callused toes. A patient suspecting a bunion should see her doctor for the proper diagnosis and treatment.
Wear Different Shoes
MayoClinic.com states that changing the type of shoes commonly worn can relieve pain and pressure of a bunion. Specifically, a patient should wear roomy, comfortable shoes that provide plenty of space for the toes. This prevents excessive pressure on the bunion, which can allow it to heal. Changing shoe types may prevent the advancement of a growing bunion and can allow a patient to walk more comfortably. Furthermore, a doctor may recommend padding and tapping of the bunion to reduce stress and alleviate pain, states MayoClinic.com. Finally, orthotics, or padded shoe inserts, can help the patient maintain the proper alignment of his foot as it heals.
Medications
A doctor may prescribe medications states MayoClinic.com. Commonly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended to reduce pain and inflammation associated with a bunion. These medications, such as Aleve, Advil or Motrin, reduce chemical signals related to pain and inflammation around a bunion. In addition, a doctor may recommend a corticosteroid injection, which can also reduce inflammation around a bunion. NSAIDs should not be taken in patients with heart, kidney, liver or stomach problems because they may cause serious complications. Corticosteroids should be injected into the big toe joint up to four times per year only to avoid complications.
Surgery
Surgery may be required for larger bunions, states MayoClinic.com. In particular, a surgeon may recommend a bunionectomy, which involves removing swollen tissue around the big toe joint, straightening of the big toe and permanently fusing the affected joint. MayoClinic.com further states that a bunionectomy is not required unless the bunion is severely painful and a patient is having difficulty walking or performing other activities of daily living. Furthermore, risks of a bunionectomy surgery are slight, but still may occur. Risks include infection, excessive bleeding, a joint that does not properly fuse or nerve damage. Therefore, a patient should thoroughly weight the risks and benefits of this procedure before deciding to have bunion surgery.
