Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects mood and behaviors. The National Institute of Mental Health explains that this condition is a lifelong brain disorder that may have periods of remission in symptoms, but there is no cure. Bipolar disorder is characterized by symptoms of unusual and intense mood extremes and shifts in energy, activity level and behavior patterns. There are several possible triggers of bipolar disorder.
Stress
For people with bipolar disorder, stress is a prominent trigger for either side of the spectrum in the disorder. Minor stress, such as being late to work, can cause irritability and frustration. Significant stress, such as the loss of a loved one, financial burdens or trauma, can induce states of depression or mania. The National Alliance on Mental Illness explains that this is because of the vulnerability of the bipolar mind and chemical imbalance. Medication compliance may lessen the extent of stress experienced, but this does not guarantee symptoms will not trigger in the event of major stress.
Substances
Mind-altering substances, such as drugs and alcohol, trigger and amplify potentially dangerous episodes of mania or depression. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism notes that alcohol use triggers symptoms of mania and euphoria, whereas withdrawal triggers symptoms of depression. Additionally, the NIAAA explains that it is not uncommon for people with bipolar disorder to "self-medicate" with alcohol, creating a cyclical problem in symptom management and changing the course of the disorder. On the other hand, prescribed medications may also trigger symptoms. For instance, antidepressants may alleviate depressive symptoms, but this may trigger manic episodes. Finding the right medication balance to treat the spectrum of symptoms is key in improving prognosis.
Seasons and Sleep Changes
Season and sleep pattern changes can trigger bipolar symptoms. Springtime is correlated with increased episodes of mania, whereas winter is correlated with triggering depression, according to the "Journal of Affective Disorders." In regard to mania, the length of daylight combined with sunshine and humidity enhances energy and decreases sleep. Decreased sunlight and colder temperatures are related to increased depression and sleep patterns. A 1996 study in "Psychiatry Research" further notes that decreased sleep duration indicates the onset of manic symptoms.
