Influenza is a highly contagious viral illness that affects many Americans each year. The flu vaccine helps to protect the body from the influenza virus. Children, pregnant women, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to obtain an annual flu vaccine. There are some risks and side effects associated with the flu shot that patients should be aware of.
Injection Site Complications
Some patients may experience injection site complications from the flu vaccine. Swelling, redness, pain and discomfort may occur at the affected area. A cold compress may help to decrease swelling and discomfort. Parents of vaccinated children should use caution while lifting and handling children so as not to place additional pressure on the injection site. Patients should consult their physicians if they experience severe pain, swelling or discomfort at the site of the flu vaccine. They may recommend the use of an over the counter non-steroidal inflammatory drug or NSAID such as ibuprofen to manage these effects.
Fever, Chills and Muscle Aches
Patients who take the flu vaccine may experience fever, chills and muscle aches following vaccination. Less than 1 percent of vaccine recipients develop these symptoms, generally for one to two days following the vaccination, reports Vaccineinformaton.org. An over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used to to relieve fever and muscle discomfort, as recommended by a physician. If these side effects do not subside after several days, a health care provider should be notified.
Hoarseness and Cough
According to the CDC, hoarseness and cough may occur following vaccination with the flu vaccine. These side effects should be temporary and only last for a couple of days. The use of throat lozenges, cough drops and humidified air may help alleviate these symptoms.
Severe Reaction
In rare cases, a severe reaction may occur following vaccination with the flu shot. Those with an allergy to chicken eggs, or those who have had a severe reaction to a flu shot in the past should not receive the flu vaccine. Signs of a severe reaction may include dizziness, difficulty breathing, wheezing, hives, paleness, weakness, or a rapid heart beat. Patients who experience these side effects following vaccination should seek emergency medical attention.
