The treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, commonly called ADHD, with medication is common in both children and adults with the disorder. Medications, commonly stimulants, help to control symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. As noted by the National Institute of Mental Health, stimulants are considered a safe and effective way to treat the disorder; however, there are some risks of more serious side effects.
Common Side Effects
As reported by the National Institute of Mental Health, common side effects for the use of stimulant medications may include disturbed sleep patterns, a decrease in appetite and an irritable mood. Other possible side effects may include headaches, stomachaches, personality differences and the development of tics.
Cardiovascular Problems and Psychiatric Risks
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, there is a risk of cardiac problems including heart attacks, strokes and death in individuals with preexisting heart conditions or other medical problems who take ADHD medications. They also report that there is a risk of psychiatric complications in a small percentage of individuals. This may include mania, paranoia, and auditory hallucinations. It is recommended that individuals work with their doctors to assess for risk factors for these complications prior to taking medication.
Suicidal Thoughts
The National Institute of Mental Health reports that children and teens who take Strattera, or atomoxetine, a non-stimulant medication for ADHD, may be at greater risk for suicidal thoughts. The FDA advises that individuals who take the drug be informed of the risk and that individuals be monitored for any changes including "agitation, irritability, suicidal thinking or behaviors, and unusual changes in behavior." In particular, the first few months of treatment and any changes in dosage are times when behavior should be monitored more closely.
References
- National Institute of Mental Health: ADHD Medications
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration: FDA Directs ADHD Drug Manufacturers to Notify Patients about Cardiovascular Adverse Events and Psychiatric Adverse Events
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Public Health Advisory: Suicidal Thinking in Children and Adolescents Being Treated with Straterra (Atomoxetine)
