Dander is the dead, scaly skin that pets frequently shed. Dander is particularly problematic for people with pet allergies since it sticks on furniture, clothes, carpet and just about anywhere. It is also light, minuscule and remains suspended in the air for long periods of time. Along with saliva and urine, pet dander can cause allergic reactions in people.
Misconceptions
Animal hair itself is not allergenic. Allergy-causing substances in pets are found in dander, urine and saliva, and these substances get transferred onto the pet's hair during grooming. Therefore, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, it is a misconception that animals with shorter or less hair, animals that do not shed, or those considered hypoallergenic breeds will not cause pet allergies. Animal hair can also collect pollen, dust, mold and other allergens that may trigger a reaction in people coming into contact with a pet. Pet dander allergy can also affect people working with animals on farms, zoos or laboratories.
Symptoms
Pet dander may trigger inflammation in the nasal and airway passages of some people. Symptoms of nasal allergies include runny or stuffy nose; itchy, red or watery eyes; postnasal drip; sneezing; and facial pressure and pain, according to MayoClinic.com. Allergic reaction to pet dander in people with asthma may include wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing and chest tightness. Some people may also experience hives and itchy skin on direct contact with pet dander.
Complications
People with pet dander allergy may experience sinus infections on chronic exposure to the allergen. Tissues in the nasal passages become chronically inflamed and susceptible to bacterial infections. People with pet allergies are also more likely to experience severe asthma attacks on exposure to pet dander and require emergency care, notes MayoClinic.com.
Prevention/Solution
The best way to limit allergic reactions to pet dander is avoid contact with allergy-causing animals, notes the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Several ways to do this is find new homes for the pets, keep the pet outside the home, or establish pet-free zones. Other ways to reducing pet dander are thoroughly cleaning the house, including walls and ceilings; replacing upholstered furniture, carpets and bedding; and using high-efficiency air filters.
Treatments
At the recommendation of an allergist, people with pet dander allergy may require treatment medications to alleviate signs and symptoms, explains MayoClinic.com. Antihistamines may relieve itchiness, sneezing, and runny nose and other symptoms associated with nasal allergy. Over-the-counter allergy medications often combine antihistamines with decongestants, which open up the nasal passages for easier breathing. Allergists may also recommend corticosteroid nasal sprays to control inflammation and other allergy symptoms.
