Sensations of dryness or itching of the eyes can be caused by both environmental factors and underlying eye conditions. Itching is often an indication that allergies are involved. Allergens present in pet dander, seasonal blooms and various other chemicals and materials can cause allergic reactions in many individuals.
Ocular Allergies
Allergic reactions involving the eye typically cause itching, swelling and redness. Itching is often a telltale sign that allergies are a contributing factor. Individuals who are allergic to certain pets or seasonal conditions know that their eyelids will become swollen and their eyes will itch when exposed to these allergens. The best plan in this case is simply to avoid exposure to prevent an allergic reaction.
If exposure takes place, it is important not to rub the eyes as this will release more inflammatory cells and result in excessive itching. A cold compress should be placed over the closed eyelid to alleviate symptoms of the ocular reaction. A sterile eye wash can be used to rinse the allergens out of the eye, and preservative-free lubricating eye drops may also be helpful. Over-the-counter allergy eye drops are beneficial in relieving allergy symptoms, but an evaluation by an eye doctor and the use of prescription medications are required in many cases.
Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry eye syndrome is a multifaceted eye condition that can result in dry, irritated eyes. The tear film that lubricates the ocular surface is a complex barrier that is designed to protect the front surface of the eye. The tear film functions inadequately with dry eye syndrome resulting in irritation. Many individuals also complain of blurred vision and excessive watering from the eye. Several factors can contribute to dry eye, including diseases of the mucus membranes, side effects of medications, menopause and eye surgery. Cigarette smoke, poor air quality and excessively windy and dusty conditions will worsen symptoms.
There is a wide range of dry eye products that are available without a prescription. Aside from eliminating any contributing factors, a lubricating eye drop can be used to reinforce the tear film. Preservative-free eye drops will diminish the chances of any stinging or burning; these formulations are packaged in single-use vials. Ophthalmic gels and ointments can be used to further enhance the tear layer. Medicated eye drops and more extensive treatment plans can be recommended by an eye doctor.
Other Causes of Eye Dryness and Itching
Contact lens wearers can have many issues with ocular irritation. New contact lens materials and solutions are constantly being developed to assist with lens comfort. Other helpful tips include decreasing wearing time and using lubricating drops approved for use with contacts. An eye infection could be the cause of dryness and itching of the eyes, and therefore an eye doctor should be consulted with persistent symptoms. Another possible cause of eye dryness and itching is the presence of a foreign body in the eye. This may be resolved by simply washing an eyelash or small particle out of the eye, but it could also require removal by an eye doctor if the particle becomes embedded in the tissues of the eye. One final consideration is that symptoms of eye irritation can be influenced by excessive use of computers and other electronic viewing devices. Taking breaks from these visual tasks can greatly assist ocular comfort.
