Not all allergic reactions carry the same consequences. Hay fever, poison ivy and bee sting allergies, for instance, may all show different physical signs. Allergy effects range from simple itching and sneezing to a serious condition called anaphylaxis, which can cause death. Most allergy symptoms are short-lived and may be uncomfortable but not life-threatening. Anaphylaxis, however, involves the entire body's metabolism. According to the National Institutes of Health, anaphylaxis is rare but can occur in response to any type of allergic reaction.
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis develops when airborne irritants trigger an adverse allergy effect in the immune system. Allergy symptoms include itchy eyes, nose or throat, sneezing, and a stuffy or runny nose, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Patients may also experience fatigue, headache, swollen eyelids, sore throat or a dry cough.
There are two forms of allergic rhinitis. Seasonal allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is a reaction to plant pollen and fungus. Allergy effects will come and go with the seasons. Perennial allergic rhinitis represents an abnormal sensitivity to particles from pet dander, dust mites and indoor mold. Symptoms may be continuous unless diligent avoidance practices are pursued.
Contact Dermatitis
An itchy, red rash that forms bumps where it contacted an irritating substance is an allergy symptom signaling contact dermatitis. The Mayo Clinic notes that skin may be painful and dry or form fluid-filled blisters. Anaphylaxis is not a common result of contact dermatitis.
After initial sensitization to a substance such as weeds, latex, chemicals or certain perfumes or cosmetics, patients will always suffer similar allergy effects when touching the problematic substance.
Insect Sting Allergy
An allergic reaction to insect venom carries the same chronic threat--the next time the victim is stung, allergy symptoms will again develop. These include pronounced redness and swelling around the sting area, and possibly itching or hives anywhere on the body.
The Mayo Clinic reports that respiratory symptoms such as coughing and shortness of breath often accompany insect stings. Severe reactions to bee, hornet, wasp or ant venom may result in anaphylaxis.
Food or Drug Reactions
Allergic reactions to foods or drugs usually show symptoms within an hour or two, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Effects may include vomiting, diarrhea, facial or mouth swelling, hives, itching and breathing problems.
In some individuals, reactions to peanuts, shellfish or antibiotics may be extreme. Other common instigators include anticonvulsant drugs, insulin, dairy products, wheat, corn and eggs. Respiratory symptoms that increase may lead to anaphylaxis.
